"Metaphysical." [To be continued

Road, metaphysical that the physics that the device "
- Book of Changes * copulative

A virtual reality, an abstract (thinking and methods of the things that the "Road") a specific (physical "), a macro and a micro (relatively speaking). Perhaps you're like me, have often heard others say "metaphysics", similar to the philosophical question sounds very obscure, it is also very interesting question, such as learning computer probably know the very important concept of "Ontology" in Knowledge Engineering was originally the philosophy of "Ontology".

Philosophy is the foundation for all science should be the same. "Eastern philosophy has a long history, many schools have their own strengths, and Confucianism set factions culmination of Confucius have a" Great sage and teacher of the title. Natural philosophy of the East not only did not become the basis of modern science, many philosophy had become a modern society, superstition and antiquated roots, typical example is the "Book" has become easy to learn Collection, fortune-telling guide. Short, the history of Western philosophy than Eastern philosophy Kong St. almost there Pythagoras and other pre-Socratic philosophy master. Of course, the saints of the most well-known Western philosophy is Socrates and his contemporaries and later Plato and Aristotle had. The East or the West, the early philosophy is literary or cultural symbol of late along with then the importance of science is increasingly clear, the philosophy began to hide behind the stage, to promote scientific development behind force.

Aristotle, science is divided into three categories.

• Production of science. This is determined by the production of the most basic human needs. Human beings in order to survive, had to create something in this process, human beings gain experience to form a different branch of science, such as architecture. Aristotle also art and rhetoric are also classified in this. Because art is the production of scientific production make people feel beautiful objects; rhetoric is the "production" of accurate speech science. In short, the science of production aimed at producing certain items, and items produced determines the scope of the discipline.
• Practical science. Classification of science does not produce the actual object, but it aims to describe the appropriate behavior, the behavioral sciences. For example, the science of ethics of the individual human happiness, is to study what kind of behavior is correct for an individual, which is good. Political science, for the whole human race, to describe how government and society to take the appropriate behavior.
• Theoretical science. When humans meet basic needs, will be interested in what the behavior and production, humans have been interested in the ability to understand and the truth itself. Human pursuit of knowledge, there is no special reason for the pursuit of knowledge. For Aristotle, the pursuit of truth or knowledge is not necessarily how noble, but human-class demand. Said point of vulgarity is enough support. Is worth noting that, at this point, the Eastern philosophy is not the same, especially Confucianism, that the pursuit of truth is the noblest, and the other sciences, especially extreme contempt of manual labor-based Science and hole Saint own four-body ground grains regardless of harming the entire Chinese nation for thousands of years, but also on this point, resulting in people over the years scholars always look down on businessmen, farmers and other sectors. The rule of the feudal society, also many of the literati, is "things are beneath contempt, only reading the" living portrayal. Look at China now, this looks like a little has changed: reading is no longer a "high", money is the ability. But this is not an improvement, but the stage "laugh poverty but not the prostitute" abnormal development of the Chinese Confucian-influenced this view is rooted in the society and people, not the 60-year rule of the Communist Party on disappear. The theory of scientific research the three types of entities.
  • First study that can be separated but will change the entity. These entities does not depend on the existence of other entities. For example, when we talked about the presence of the Earth, we do not need the aid of other entities to explain the presence of the Earth. However, some entity is attached to other entities, such as color. The existence of the color depends on the color of something, it can not exist independently. Does not change the entity means generated nor destroyed, and is not to change the entity, such as Aristotle believed that the "ether" between heaven and earth, although now know that this is the wrong thing does not exist, Aristotle believed that similar such things do not change. Our environment is constantly changing. Nature, including humans, animals, rocks, etc., are first-class entities. The study of these entities theoretical science is the natural sciences, or call the second philosophy.
  • The second category entity that can be separated without change. ”。 Scientific research of such entities is the first philosophy, is what we call "metaphysics". Metaphysics is the study of the existence of objects as well as explore the reasons for their existence. For Aristotle, the first philosophy is the most basic science, and all other sciences are placing him under it, because metaphysics is "metaphysics itself does not depend on any other science, it is the truth of all the cornerstone of science.
  • The third category of entities is that the research can not be separated but will not change the entity, such as digital and graphics. These studies is our mathematics. For example, the arithmetic study digital geometry to study graphics. Digital graphics, why not be separated? Aristotle believed that figures such as exists is because there are at least five objects available for the number (count) the existence of the graphics but also because of the specific objects displayed graphics. To understand the figures and graphics, we have to rely on other objects, so they can not be separated.

  Philosophy and philosophical studies are material. First Philosophy of the most common nature of the substances, while the second philosophy of the nature of matter.

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Reference material

My view is nothing more than the others (I agree) point of view to be processed and made. Obviously, this also represents my personal philosophical views, after all, I will only maintain their own appreciate the view (to borrow the words of my mentor: science has numerous factions, just like religion, like every scientist for his doctrine of doing the defense of Christians. As Russell said the Marquis, "without prejudice does exist"..) The main reference is as follows:
(1) Wikipedia (English) wikipedia
2. Aristotle: a guide to the perplexed
Zhu Guangqian <History of Western Aesthetics>